Lesson overview

In this lesson, we’ll apply everything we’ve learned so far to build the navigation bar and footer elements for our portfolio website. Along the way, we’ll see how duplicating objects can save us time and effort throughout the design process.

Create the navigation bar

First, we’ll build the navigation bar, which we’ll call the nav bar for short. The nav bar will be the primary navigation menu for people visiting our portfolio and will include space for a wordmark, menu items that link to pages in our site, and a button to open a contact page or email form.

Add the nav bar frame

We'll start by creating a frame to hold our nav bar elements.

1. With the Frame tool selected, create a frame that is 1440 X 80.
2. Rename the frame to Navigation.

Create your wordmark

Now that we have a frame, we can create our wordmark. A wordmark is a stylized, text-based logo that identifies a person or brand. It’s common to see wordmarks prominently featured in the navigation elements of a website to boost brand recognition and also provide a handy way for visitors to return to the homepage.

We'll create a wordmark using a text layer:

1. Create a new text layer inside the Navigation frame.
2. Enter your name, then click and drag the text layer to the left side of the frame. Use the red guidelines to help you center the text layer vertically on the frame. No need to stress about the spacing. We’ll use auto layout to take care of that shortly.
3. We’re sticking with the default Inter font for our wordmark but this is a great time to explore other fonts and find what fits your personal brand.
4. To help the wordmark to stand out amongst the other content in the nav bar, so we’ll switch up some of the typography properties to increase its visual weight and hierarchy. Select the text layer and change the font weight to something heavier, like Black and the font size to 20.

Add some menu items

Great! Now let's add some menu item links to the nav bar.

1. Add another text layer to the Navigation frame and type Link as a placeholder for now. We’ll come back and update the label shortly.
2. Style the link to be lighter weight since we want it to have less visual weight than the wordmark. Set the Font weight to Medium and the font size to 16.
3. Align the text vertically within the Navigation frame.
4. Position it off to the right side of the frame. The exact position isn't important, but be sure to leave a little more space for the rest of the nav bar's content.

In this course, we’re keeping things simple with just one link for a single additional page, but you may eventually need several pages as your portfolio grows. So why not plan ahead? Let’s add a few extra menu items to help future-proof our nav bar. Don’t worry—later in this lesson, we’ll walk through how to hide these extra layers until you need them!

Instead of using the Text tool to create more text layers, we can duplicate the text layer we just added.

About duplicating objects

Duplicating an object streamlines the copy and paste process into a single step, making it a fast and easy way to replicate objects like layers, frames, sections, or instances.

There are two primary ways to duplicate an object: using the modifier key or the keyboard shortcut.

To duplicate an object using the modifier key, select the object and drag your cursor while holding the key:

• Mac: ⌥ Option
• Windows: Alt

You can then place the duplicated object anywhere on the canvas.

To duplicate an object with the keyboard shortcut, select it and press:

• Mac: ⌘ Command D
• Windows: Control D

When using the shortcut method on shapes, text layers, components, and child frames, the duplicated object is placed directly on top of the original. You can then click and drag it to move it to its new position. For top-level frames and sections, the duplicated object appears to the right of the original where there is space on the canvas.

If you immediately use the keyboard shortcut on a duplicated object, Figma will maintain the same distance used between the first and second objects. Similarly, if you duplicate an object, rotate the duplicated object, then continue duplicating the object using the shortcut, the new objects will maintain the degree of rotation. These are great ways to create repeating patterns and custom shapes.

Add additional menu items

We’ll use both duplication methods to create more menu items:

1. Select the text layer, hold the modifier key, and drag the duplicated layer to the right of the original.
2. Select the new layer use the keyboard shortcut to duplicate it again. Figma recognizes the pattern and places the third layer to the right of the second.
3. Hold Shift and select all three text layers.
4. Click Align vertical centers to make sure they’re all aligned.
5. Press Shift A to add them to a frame with auto layout applied.
6. Set the Horizontal gap to 24.
7. Rename the frame to Links.

Hiding unused layers in an auto layout frame

Let’s pause for a moment and talk about the flexible nature of auto layout. Remember when we mentioned future-proofing our design elements? Well, by incorporating auto layout, we’re ensuring our designs can adapt to different configurations.

If we wanted to add more menu items, we could create another text layer and drag it into the Links frame. Or, we could select an existing text layer and duplicate it using the shortcut we just learned. Either way, the auto layout frame will automatically grow to accommodate these changes.

If we wanted to remove menu items, we could delete the extra layers. That method works but it is a permanent change. Later on, when we add instances of our navigation bar, we won’t be able to add additional menu items without changing the main component, which would impact every instance in the file.

Instead, we can hide layers we don’t immediately want to use. Hiding a layer toggles the visibility of that layer without removing it from the frame. Auto layout respects the hidden layer and adjusts the frame as if the layer were removed.

To hide a layer:

• Toggle the visibility icon in the layers panel. You can also click and drag down to toggle multiple layers at once.
• Or use the keyboard shortcut
  • Mac: Command Shift H
  • Windows: Control Shift H

Later on, you can unhide the layer on individual instances where its needed and auto layout will accommodate the newly visible layer. Learn more about toggling layer visibility.

Add an instance of the button

The nav bar is starting to come together! Now, let’s add a button. Head over to the Assets tab in the left sidebar and select Local assets. Remember that button component we created earlier? Let's add an instance of it to the nav bar:

1. Click and drag an instance of the button into the Navigation frame.
2. Place it just to the right of the Links frame and use the guide to center it.
3. Select both the button and the Links frame, and press Shift A. We’re making a new frame here, rather than adding the button to the Links frame, so we can independently control the spacing between the menu items and the button.
4. Adjust the Horizontal gap to 40.
5. Set both resizing properties to Hug contents.
6. Rename the frame to Extra content.

Add the final touches

Remember when we created the elements for our case study page? We set the Max width to 1000, so they’ll all remain aligned on the page. We want the nav bar’s content—the wordmark, menu items, and button—to line up with the rest of those elements, while still allowing the Navigation frame to span the full width of the website. To do that, we need to connect the wordmark layer with the rest of the nav bar content.

1. Select the wordmark layer and the Extra content layer.
2. Add auto layout with Shift A.
3. Rename the new frame to Content.
4. Set the Max width for the frame to 1000 and leave the height resizing property set to Hug contents.
5. Set the horizontal gap to Auto.

Add auto layout to the Navigation frame

Next, we'll apply auto layout to the Navigation frame.

1. Select the Navigation frame and press Shift A.
2. In the Auto layout section, set the height resizing to Fixed and make sure the value is set to 80.
3. Set Horizontal padding to 24 and the Vertical padding to 0 (zero) and the frame’s alignment to Center.

Now that the Content frame is inside a parent frame with auto layout applied, we can update its width resizing:

1. Select the Content frame inside the Navigation frame.
2. Make sure the Width resizing is set to Fill container.
3. Finally, set the Content frame’s alignment to Center.

Create the footer element

The nav bar looks great! Now it’s time to build the footer element. Taking a look at the final design, you’ll notice the footer looks very similar to the navigation bar. Let’s save ourselves a bunch of time and use the Navigation frame as the foundation of our footer.

1. Duplicate the Navigation frame.
2. Rename the duplicated frame to Footer.
3. Unlike the nav bar, we don’t need a button in the footer. Locate the Button layer in the Layers section and delete it.
4. We want to keep the Links frame, but the Extra content frame is no longer doing anything so we can remove it. Select the Extra content frame, right-click, and select Ungroup. Ungrouping a frame removes it from the canvas and pushes its child layers up in the layer hierarchy.
5. We’ll use this space for our contact info so let’s rename the Links frame to Contact.

Customize the navigation bar

Because we want the content in the nav bar and footer to be the same on every page, let’s update the copy before turning them into components. That way, we won’t have to update the copy in every instance we add.

1. In the Navigation frame, update one of the menu item labels to Case studies.
2. Since we only need one link at the moment, we'll hide the other two text layers for now.
3. Update the button's label to give it a strong call to action like "Let's work together".

Customize the footer

1. Update the text layers to include your email address, phone number, or other contact information.
2. Hide the third text layer for now.

Turn each element into a component

When you're done customizing your navigation bar and footer, turn both of them into components. Then, move them to the Components page.

Lesson wrap up

Excellent work! We just built a navigation bar and footer element using text, frames, instances, and auto layout. We then turned them both into components so we can reuse them on every page of our website.

In the next lesson, we’ll use boolean operations, vector edit mode, and the arc tool, along with auto layout, to create an element that showcases our skills to potential employers.